The separation technology of benchtop low-speed centrifuges is developed based on the behavior of particles in a practical centrifugal field. Particles of different densities, sizes, or shapes settle at varying speeds under centrifugal force, allowing heterogeneous mixtures—particularly those with roughly spherical particles—to be effectively separated.

Benchtop low-speed centrifuges are widely used in biochemical research and large-scale material separation. Typical applications include cell collection, plasma separation, DNA and protein isolation from pre-purified samples, as well as the separation of viruses, large quantities of E. coli, organelle components, and nucleoprotein particles.